The concept of smart cities can be dated back to the 1960s and 1970s when the U.S. Community Analysis Bureau began collecting data by utilizing databases, aerial photography, and cluster analysis to monitor resources, issue reports to direct services, minimize disasters, and reduce poverty. As a result of this initiative, the first generation of smart cities was born. The smart city employs information and communication technology (ICT) to streamline operations, improve government service, enhance citizen welfare, and help the government share data with the public.