Particle processing and milling are integral to industries like pharmaceuticals, chemicals, mining, and materials science, with technological advancements transforming their efficiency and precision. Innovations such as nano-milling, micronization, and cryogenic milling have revolutionized particle size reduction techniques. Nano-milling, using high-energy mills, enhances drug solubility and bioavailability by producing nanoscale particles, while micronization creates fine powders with narrow size distributions, improving surface area, reactivity, and flow properties. Cryogenic milling, which cools materials with liquid nitrogen, is ideal for heat-sensitive or brittle substances, preventing thermal degradation and enabling the processing of challenging materials like rubber and certain metals. Continuous and inline milling systems have replaced traditional batch processes, increasing productivity and ensuring consistent quality through real-time monitoring. Automation and digitalization further optimize milling operations, with modern mills featuring advanced materials, high-energy input, and precise temperature controls. Techniques like high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonic milling expand applications across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and advanced materials, delivering fine powders, nanoemulsions, and stable formulations with improved performance and bioavailability.