India’s ethanol production landscape is evolving rapidly as the country pushes toward higher biofuel blending targets like E20. One of the biggest challenges is balancing grain-based and sugar-based feedstocks. While sugarcane has traditionally been the dominant source, grain-based ethanol is gaining traction due to its scalability and year-round availability. However, this shift raises important questions about food security, pricing stability, and supply chain efficiency. The government’s ethanol policy in India aims to create a balanced approach, ensuring that both sectors contribute without disrupting agricultural markets. As ethanol demand grows, maintaining a strategic balance between grain and sugar feedstocks will be critical for long-term sustainability. Industry stakeholders must focus on efficient procurement, fair pricing, and infrastructure development to support the expanding biofuel industry in India.